Price of gold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Price of gold - Essay Example The world market has seen a sharp rise in need of keeping wealth in the form of gold. The increase in demand by business persons and central banks in different regions requires an increase in supply of gold. The demand has not been met with similar supply because of constant factors in the supply chain. The suppliers of gold are not increasing their mining capacities in purchasing additional machineries or identifying new mines. The rise in demand with no rise in supply eventually leads to sharp increase in the prices of gold (Wise 2012). The rises in prices can persist for two years before the supply matches up with the demand through an increase in supply. Different factors make the market supply of gold inelastic limiting on supply capacity of miners. Gold mining is an expensive undertaking that needs investors to put a lot of resource in building crushing and drilling machineries. The massive investment cannot be made in a short time to meet the enormous demand in the market lead ing to a constant supply being made no matter the increase in demand of product in the market. Increase in supply can be made through long-term investment that can extend to 10 years before production begins. The inability of suppliers to respond to forces of demand leaves the market volatility high. The huge numbers of speculators in the market contributes volatility in gold prices. ... The supplier will increase prices because they cannot meet the large demand in the market. The increase in supply price can get to 11% increase with regard to the increase in demand. Announcement of huge releases of gold to the market in large quantity on prediction prices will remain high leads to reduction in prices (Thomas, 2012). The large amount supply with no increase in demand means sharp decreases in prices sometimes totaling to 5% decrease from previous day’s prices. The world gold supply from recycling vendors has seen sharp decrease. People selling their gold ware during the global economic crisis caused the decrease. Statistic have shown recycling supply used to cater for 45% of the world market in 2008. In 2011 recycling source of gold contributed 2% of the world gold supply which was a small proportion compared to the previous 45% supply. The fall in the amount of recycled gold available in the market with demand increase has led to prices increases. This leaves the supply from the mines to cater for 98% of all the demands. Lack of ability by the miners to cater for the 98%has contributed to the volatility leading to a sharp increase in prices of gold (Jeff, 2012). The central banks from different countries were key suppliers of gold to the markets. The banks released large amounts of their gold to the market without making purchases to replenish the dwindling stocks. The exhaustion of gold in their bulk meant that the different countries bank start purchasing the gold in competition with the retail purchasers. The purchasing of gold by the central bank increases demand while their lack of ability to supply creates shortage (BBC, 2011). The two forces of demand and supply lead

Implementing an Electronic Health Record System

Implementing an Electronic Health Record System Implementing Electronic Health Record System Based on HL7 RIM -Reusing the RIM Model Archetypes Nancy Mittal Abstract: It is difficult to exchange healthcare information between different HealthCare Systems. Health Level Seven is a universal standard to facilitate the communication between different HealthCare Systems. Electronic Health Record System is a software platform that store patient health data which maintained by hospital and medical practice. Health Level 7 Reference Information Model was studied to provide the interoperability between different HealthCare Systems. In this paper, we studied about the various version of Health Level Seven standard including HL7 v2.x, HL7 v3.0, HL7 RIM. This paper focused on how the existing structure of HL7 is improved by reusing the HL7 RIM classes such as Act, Role, and Entity etc each are associated with set of attributes. It explains to modify the existing structure of HL7, need to modify the HL7 RIM because HL7 RIM model provide the structure of HL7. This paper also explained the role based queries are performed by the interested stakeholders like pati ents, doctors and hospitals. In this new structural form, role based information is maintained in the centralize database. This research fills the gap between skilled and semi-skilled users and query is performed on role base. Keywords: HL7, RIM, Role, Archetypes 1. Introduction: With the continuous development of health records, maintain and exchange the information in different HealthCare systems has become unavoidable. So, the communication between different hospitals or between different HealthCare system need to improved. Electronic Health Record is a repository of health information in a digital format about an individual patient or population managed by hospitals or medical practice that shared across different HealthCare Systems. It reduces the chances of data replication. More organizations adopt EHR; physicians, nurses and clinicians have greater access to patient information which helps in accurate diagnosis and complete data helps to ensure the best possible care. Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is needed to focus on two requirements: dynamic involvement of different hospitals, patients and HealthCare Systems And the way of maintaining the information. Standard compliant EHR provide facility of communication and to exchange information of patients between different hospitals, doctors, HealthCare systems. Each patient has his own queries respective to their role in the system. The query interface is designed to provide the effective knowledge among different kind of patients, hospitals. Health Level Seven: Heath Level Seven is a standard developing organisation accredited by ANSI (American National Standard Institute) founded in 1987. HL7[1] name refers the top layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) layer protocol for the health environment. HL7 specifies a number of various standards health information and also provide communication between different HealthCare System. Standard are the set of rules that allow information to be shared in standardized and reliable manner. HL7 messaging standard: There are two main HL7 messaging standard HL7 v2.x and HL7 v3.0. HL7 v2.x is also called as pipe hat. This standard provides the interoperability specification for health and medical transaction. HL7 v2.x message format are in human readable ASCII and non XML encoding syntax. It supports administrative, logistical, financial as well as clinical messages. HL7 v3.0 provides the interoperability specification for health and medical transaction based on RIM (Reference Information Model). HL7 v3.0 message format based on XML encoding syntax and also on HDF (formal methodology) and object oriented principle. It supports only clinical data. Movement from HL7 v2 to HL7 v3 is that v3 would be model driven methodology means v3 standard support healthcare workflows through modelling; the end result maximize reuse and increase consistency in HL7 specification. Another[2] HL7 v2.7 supports all HealthCare department data for exchange between different HealthCare systems. It reduces the custom interface programming. But it is not plug and play; and not support transaction processing feature. Table1.Difference between HL7 v2.x and HL7 v3.0 HL7 RIM[3] (Reference Information Model): The HL7 Reference Information Model provides the structural information of HL7 in the form of information classes. HL7 RIM is an object oriented model to make compatible the HL7 specification interoperability to all domains. It is important part of the HL7 v3.0 development model. It increases precision and reducing implementation costs. HL7 RIM is based on UML (Unified Modelling Language). Reference information model has five components: Subject Area (major part of am model), class (about which information is collected), Relationship (relation between classes), attribute (information about class), and data type (specification of the format of an attribute). RIM has six main important classes: Act- It represents actions that are executed by entity. Entity: These are the physical things that take part in health care. Role: Role that entity plays as they participate in health care Participation: It represent context for an act such as who perform, for whom and where. ActRelationship: It represents the relationship between actions. RoleLink: It represents the relationship between roles. 2. Related Work: Electronic health record system based on health level seven, and HL7 used to provide the communication between different HealthCare systems, most of the research studies show perplexing which is further discussed in this paper review. Tung Tran, Hwa-Sun Kim[[1]] studied the research on,†A Development of HL7 Middleware for Medical Device Communication† to developed HL7 compliant middleware. Researcher used HL7 as a middleware to facilitate data transfer to information system in hospitals. Middleware has capability of receiving data from monitoring device and converting into HL7 data type format. It receive raw data from medical devices and convert to HL7 data and passed to HIS based on HL7 interface engine. Li-Fan Ko, Jen-Chiun Lin, Chi-Huang Chen, Jie-Sheng Chang, Faipei Lai[[2]] concluded the research on,†HL7 Middleware Framework for Healthcare Information System. Researchers introduce HL7 and web services standard into framework which is basically Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). HL7 directly transmitted data over transport layer protocol TCP/IP: for small application HL7 message over TCP are simple and easy to implement; for larger application, system become complex and attacker increases. This research solved that problem by introducing web services which provide interoperation between software systems. Jennifer Munnelly[[3]] in his research study on, HL7 Healthcare Information Management Using Aspect-Oriented Programming focused the modification in application department without the requirement modification into complete structure by using HL7.Researcher suggested introduce HL7 functionality into exiting application without any modification through AOP. Wooshik Kim[[4]] studied the research on, Integration of IEEE 1451 and HL7 Exchanging Information for Patients’ Sensor Data showed the IEEE 1451 concerned with smart transducer and having plug –play capabilities. Patients wear sensors that measure the patient’s status in real time and transmitted these data to remote sites such as hospital. HL7 accepted this kind of data and interpreted with various online sensor data. Pasquale De Meo[[5]] studied on, Integration of the HL7 Standard in a Multiagent System to Support Personalized Access to e-Health Services. In this paper, he presented a system which has multi agents to maintain patients in seek of health related services in e-health care by using various algorithms PPB, DS-PPB, AB. This proposed system increases the quality service and effectiveness. Maqbool Hussain[[6]] concluded his research on, Healthcare Applications Interoperability through Implementation of HL7 Web Service Basic Profile studied all phases of web service component that implement HL7 Web Service Basic Profile. It is branch of the transportation subsystem progressed at NUST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pakistan. Naeem Khalid Janjua[[7]] in research study presented work on, Digital Health Care Ecosystem: SOA Compliant HL7 based Health Care Information Interchange and proposed Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based HL7 system design for patient information and showed the translation from HL7 V2 to V3 and mapping between database and user query. Sara Gaion[[8]] researched on, Design of a Domain Model for Clinical Engineering within the HL7 Reference Information Model. This paper develop a DIM (Domain Information Model) by providing the HL7 RIM to clinical engineering in a particular domain. This paper represent clinical engineering information in the HL7 RIM (Reference Information Model) with the reason of developing a HL7 v3 RIM model based on DIM (Domain Information Model) dedicated to CE(Clinical Engineering) by reuse of standard healthcare information models and show the process of repairing and maintenance of device used in hospital. N.A. Mamani Macedo[[9]] studied the research on, Electronic Health Record: Comparative Analysis of HL7 and Open EHR Approaches. This paper showed the comparison between HL7 and openEHR to automatism a Patient’s Record in any hospital which adopted: HL7 and OpenEHR. The method includes analyzing each way, defining some criteria of evaluation, design a comparative chart. 3. Design model: The work is defined with the specification of the hospital and the relative attributes and the functional specification. It defines the role and requirement to specify the functional dependencies and its requirements. The role is defined for all the interested patients and hospitals and all interested users are connected to it along with their specified roles. The hospital is responsible for the information updating as well as to generate the query that queried by patients to obtain the information access about the patient, disease or diagnose. Complete information is defined in the form of centralized repository. Model is in the form of a query interface in which the communication to the system and different hospitals maintain the information in different way so that the mapping is required between the query set and the hospitals. To establish this mapping, the structural constructs for the system are defined so that the functional based information transition will be take place. Steps in implementation model First step is role identification and analysis: Users in this system are patients and hospitals(health organization). Role is defined for all the interested users ,patients and hospitals and they are coonnected to it along with their hospitals. Second step is role specific query generation: Hospitals is reasponsible for the information updating as wel as to generate the query that queried by patients to obtain the information access about the patient,disease and diagnose. Third step is query filteration and mapping done by RIM model: Complete information is defined in the form of centralized dataset.Model in the form of query interface in which the communication to the system and diff hospitals maintain the information in diff way. So that mapping is required between query set and hospitals. Last step query result are extraced. 4. Conclusion: In changing the structure of HL7 and increasing the reusability over existing HL7 RIM model by reuse the RIM model archetypes. HL7 standard facilitate to exchange and sharing the healthcare information among different hospitals or in between different healthcare systems. We concluded that we extract the existing HL7 RIM model and improve the reusability over existing model by reusing the classes of RIM model and implement the user interface to accept request from different users and process the role base Queries. References: [1] Health Level Seven (HL7), http://www.hl7.org. [2] Explorative study of healthcare data Interchange standards [3]http://www.openhre.org/local/rim202/rim.htm#Acts-sbj [[1]] Tung, Kim, Cho,† A Development of HL7 Middleware for Medical Device Communication†, Fifth International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications [[2]] Li-Fan Ko, Jen-Chiun Lin, Chi-Huang Chen, Jie-Sheng Chang, Faipei Lai,† HL7 Middleware Framework for Healthcare Information System†. Basically framework is service oriented architecture (SOA)†. [[3]] Jennifer Munnelly, HL7 Healthcare Information Management Using Aspect-Oriented Programming, International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, pp 1 – 4 ¸2009 [[4]] Wooshik Kim, Integration of IEEE 1451 and HL7 Exchanging Information for Patients’ Sensor Data, J Med Syst, pp 1033–1041, 2010 [[5]] Pasquale De Meo, Integration of the HL7 Standard in a Multiagent System to Support Personalized Access to e-Health Services, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, pp 1244 1260, 2011 [[6]] Maqbool Hussain, Healthcare Applications Interoperability through Implementation of HL7 Web Service Basic Profile, Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp 308 313 ¸2009 [[7]][7] Naeem Khalid Janjua, Digital Health Care Ecosystem: SOA Compliant HL7 based Health Care Information Interchange, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp 329 – 334, 2009 [[8]] [8] Sara Gaion, Design of a Domain Model for Clinical Engineering within the HL7 Reference Information Model, IEEE Workshop on Health Care Management, pp 1 6 , 2010 [[9]] N.A. Mamani Macedo, Electronic Health Record: Comparative Analysis of HL7 and Open EHR Approaches, Pan American Health Care Exchange, pp 105 – 110, 2010

Tennysons Princess - The Womans Cause Is Mans :: Tennyson Princess Essays

The Woman's Cause Is Man's Alfred Lord Tennyson, the author of The Princess, 1847, was born as the fourth of twelve children on August 6th, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire to George and Elizabeth Tennyson. In 1827 he began his higher education at Trinity College, Cambridge; where he won university prizes for his poetry and became involved in an undergraduate club, The Apostles, which greatly influenced his life and later works. Tennyson died on October 6, 1892 at the age of 83 years after enjoying a delayed but satisfying and profitable literary career (Everett) The Princess was the work that turned Tennyson's struggling career around and laid the foundation for his continued success and ultimate acclaim as the Poet and Prophet of the Victorian era. The composition of The Princess was a lengthy process beginning in 1839 and culminating in its publication in 1847. Tennyson's works, in general and The Princess, in particular are representative of the Victorian era and the societal quest for self-identification. During this time period there existed a strong desire to understand and in some cases, remake male/female relations. Many of Tennyson's works deal with this Victorian issue - "The Woman's Cause is Man's" is one example of a literary attempt to define a social issue. The Victorian era also highly prized the value of self-control, which was considered the defining quality of masculinity (Riede).   Due to the influences of industrialization during this time period and the residual class distinctions of previous time periods, this work addresses the male/female issue as it relates to middle and upper class men and women and does not attempt to include the issues facing men and women of the working class, which were distinctly different. "The Woman's Cause is Man's" is an excerpt from the long narrative poem, The Princess. The story is set in a fairy-tale realm and deals with the effort to establish a women's college. Interestingly, the very first British institution of higher education for women, Queen's College in London, was opened the year following the publication of The Princess. The story's heroine, Princess Ida, has sworn never to marry and has dedicated her life to the founding of a women's college. The Prince, on the other hand, is determined to win the Princess and to convince her that her efforts on behalf of feminists are futile.

Describe the Laptop Essay

In our culture we use the Laptop to do our works. Like the homework, projects and designing. A laptop is a personal computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of locations. Many laptops are designed to have all of the functionality of a desktop computer, which means they can generally run the same software and open the same types of files. However, some laptops, such as netbooks, sacrifice some functionality in order to be even more portable. laptop computer, sometimes called a notebook computer by manufacturers, is a battery- or AC-powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings. A laptop typically weighs less than 5 pounds and is 3 inches or less in thickness. Among the best-known makers of laptop computers are IBM, Apple, Compaq, Dell, and Toshiba. Laptop computers generally cost more than desktop computers with the same capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture. A laptop can effectively be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a hardware frame that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or larger monitor. The less capable port replicator allows you to connect a laptop to a number of peripherals through a single plug. Laptops usually come with displays that use thin-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views better at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port also allows a regular mouse to be attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable. Portable and compact personal computer with the same capabilities as a desktop computer. Laptop computers have an L-shape design and the screen can be lowered and closed to allow for easy transportation of the machine. The primary feature that attracts users to laptops over desktops is their portability. Laptop computers provide users the ability to run the machine using an internal battery or an outside power adaptor. Laptops have dramatically decreased in size since their introduction in 1979. Laptops are usually more expensive  than standard desktops and do not have the same life-span as fixed personal computers. The Laptop in my culture has an important place, now you can see every student and every employer have their own Laptop and they are using it for the work perpose. In the past, my culture don’t really depends on the computer, but now a days the culture have change and there is a lot of developing in the way of teaching and working for the country and now we use the electronic devices a lot , and we find it also every where we go because the culture have been change and it become one of the life style in our daily life. Today, most laptop computers are becoming thinner and light er to help complete with other devices such as tablets. For the PC these computers may be also referred to as Ultrabooks.

Purpose of College

Going to college is very important to me and has many purposes. Attending college can be challenging, but it can only help you and your future. One important reason to attend college is to further your education. Furthering your education not only helps you understand things in life, but it also allows you to get a degree. By having a degree It can open doors for Job opportunities and many other things. Getting my degree is very important to me. College Is also a time to grow up and become an adult.College is a time to learn to be Independent, to learn to be responsible, to mature, and to learn real world responsibilities. One must become responsible while In college, because you don't have parents to tell you what to do anymore. Your decisions affect you, and can affect the people around you. My parents have stressed to me since day one how Important college Is. They told me I wasn't getting a free ticket Into college, and that I had to work and become something of myself. I had to work not only on my academics, but also at my athletics. Liege Is a wonderful opportunity to make lifelong friendships and memories that one can cherish forever. Being a part of a school is a great feeling and I can't thank my parents enough for pushing me every step of the way to get me where I am today. It was a little ruff, but it was all worth it. College is a time for one to have fun, and to become a part of your school you attend. Get involved. Join something you haven't done before, whether it is a sport, a faith based organization, or something involving your field of study.College is all about learning new things and experiencing things you never have before, so why not take advantage of it. College is a very important thing to me, and it is something everyone should take seriously because it is not free, and you can learn so much from attending college. College is a once in a lifetime thing, so I say make the best of it. I cannot wait to see what the rest of this year has in store for me here at South. It is a great school and I am so thankful I am here!

buy custom Empire or Republic essay

buy custom Empire or Republic essay Introduction US foreign policy was traditionally created to serve US national security, promote democracy in other countries, promote world peace, allow free markets and promote human rights. This concept is still practical in the US foreign policy when invading war-torn countries due to dictatorship. In addition, it is useful in raising and lowering the value of the dollar to compete and facilitate international trade and protecting lives through humanitarian efforts. America, as a country, had fought the autocracy of the ancient British Empire in becoming a republic where ultimate power is through the consent of the people who are governed. This is the essence of the US becoming a republic. In 1791, the US Congress revised its constitution to include the famous Bill of Rights, which was later adopted by many countries (Jerick, 2010). Its main purpose was to prevent abuse of power in the assigned branches of the US government. America had also designed branches of government that opposed each ot her, so that individuals or groups of people could not grow too powerful. The interest of these two opposing branches of the government ensured that the concerns of the citizens were fully expressed and solutions implemented. The system also prevented another case of colonialism that Americans suffered under the crown of the British. As America grew from a mere colony to the only superpower, her global influence and domain has largely expanded. The expansion has made America one of the most prosperous countries worldwide, but it came at a cost. America has legally declared war against other countries only seven times since its independence (Jerick, 2010). These wars have not only taken a toll on national treasure and blood, but also on the veracity of balances among branches of governments and other rights as provided by the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. Throughout the history of America, there has been a heated debate among academic scholars about foreign policy benefiting America or the world at large. Thesis statement: this research is intended to provide a view of the traditional perspectives of the US foreign policy, the significance of America in the global community, according to proponents, and concerns raised by critics in labeling it as a contemporary empire. Traditional Perspectives of US Foreign Policy National Security The US first priority in establishing strict foreign policy is due to the diverse threats to the interests of America. The security of Americans comes first, then the interests of the US in the national security. Threats are grouped into three categories: state-centered threats, transnational threats and, finally, threats possessed by weapons of mass destruction. State-centered threats occur when other countries have the desire and capabilities to threaten Americas vital interests via cross border aggression or coercion (Jerick, 2010). These states that threaten the US obtain biological, chemical or nuclear weapons all directed to the superpower. The US foreign policy allows the US to disable nuclear plants in foreign countries and neutralize chemical or biological weapons. It is argued that such weapons are created for the purpose of an impending war with a great rival, which is a superpower. Transnational threats are those that transcend national borders. The threats include terrorism, illegal arms trafficking, illicit drug trade, environmental damages directed to the citizens, frenzied refugee emigrations and international organized crime. The US government will investigate and arrest foreigners who commit transnational threats. Weapons of mass destruction are recent threats realized after the September 11th attacks. These threats pose the greatest potential risk to the global security, but mostly to the US national security. America reduces the threat of weapons of mass destruction by stopping the production of cutting-edge technologies of the countries that are hostile and capable of destroying the US. Some countries are outlaws in a sense that they strongly oppose global security interests and efforts. These countries advocate for terrorism, nuclear warfare, international crime organizations and biological or chemical weapons directed to civilians. Free Markets Prosperity in the 21st century for the US depends entirely on its ability to have a competitive advantage and win in all international markets. This means that the US implements foreign policy that enhances free access to international markets. America is the only country that has rapid growth in technology and education. Other countries depend on the US for most consumer products that cannot be produced in their countries. Emerging markets grow rapidly, and the increasing global economy provides massive opportunities for American workers and companies. The future of all countries in the world depends on the expanding global economy, which shows that almost 95% of the consumers worldwide live in foreign countries (Jerick, 2010). This means that the US uses foreign policy to export services, products and human capital to other countries, while the US economy is growing and sustained. Agreements are enforced and secured to enable Americans to trade and compete equitably in internationa l markets. Congress recognizes a President who implements strict foreign policy that breaks down international trade barriers, hence, creating good jobs for both, Americans and foreigners. In enhancing free markets, the US is implementing an agreement for high technology products that are exported to foreign markets. The Information Technology Agreement eliminated tariff on these products and a tax cut of five billion US dollars every year. The World Trade Organization concludes an agreement that facilitates the liberation of global trade, especially in telecommunications sector. Closed markets open up for competition principles and deregulation, championed by America. The US foreign policy sets high standards for countries to access free markets in terms of rules adherence and opening all closed markets. Democracy Dictatorships in the contemporary society degenerate social development, economic growth and education. The US foreign policy is implemented in countries where citizens are not free to trade, socialize and learn new technological developments from first world countries (Jerick, 2010). Democracy in other countries is essential to the US, because respect and freedom for human rights form a firm base for international trade, which contributes to the global economy. Countries that practice democracy often progress into becoming valued economic and diplomatic partners in the global community. Recent events of opening up new markets and facilitating the freedom from dictatorship include efforts in Iraq, Egypt and Libya. These countries were had closed markets and human rights were violated by strict dictators who had too much power. The US is integrated into European economic and security organizations, such as European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). America depl oyed her military personnel to maintain peace and freedom in Libya, when Muamar Gadhafi refused to surrender and give his extensive power to the citizens of Libya. He was gunned down by NATO, and Libya is now a democratic and free country, which allows the US and other countries to trade freely and socialize with Libyans. In Egypt, Hussein Mubarak stepped down as the president to facilitate democracy, where citizens are allowed to vote for their preferred candidate and practice free trade with other countries in the global community. US foreign policy has helped to preserve the progress of foreign democratic countries, thus, allowing market economic reforms that benefit the global economy. Universal Human Rights The US foreign policy is implemented to sustain efforts that facilitate political liberalization, respect human rights and democracy. Multilateral institutions unite with the US in promoting universal adherence to democratic principles and human rights (Jerick, 2010). America helps the United Nations (UN) and other human rights organizations in making principles and standards that foreign countries need to adhere to, because their international behavior is globally accepted. The US works with human rights organizations to facilitate inernational standards for human rights that protect the traditionally oppressed or vulnerable members of the community, such as children, women, refugees, workers and people who are persecuted because of their religious affiliation or ethnic descent (Chomsky Herman, 1979). United Nations has a commission for human rights where permanent criminal courts that investigate, address and persecute violators of international human rights, such as war crimes in Darfur, Rwanda, Libya and Kenya. Recent research shows that sexual exploitation, especially of minors is rampant in the contemporary society. Children are abducted and transported to developed countries through dangerous methods, either through water or by road. Homeless women and children is an example of human rights violation. In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is practiced in most nations as a culture, but this is violation of human rights, which the US and human rights organization fight hard to eliminate. The foreign policy of America encourages democratic governments to arrest offenders of war crimes and take them to international criminal courts for persecution. The latest event in war crimes is the arrest warrant of Omar Hassan Al Bashir who is responsible for the genocide in Darfur, Sudan. The UN and US are encouraging other African nations to arrest Omar Al Bashir when he steps on their land. In Kenya, offenders who were responsible for post-election violence in 2008 were rigged to the International Criminal Court during the confirmation hearings that would determine, whether the International community has a case that needs prosecution. World Peace World peace is the most essential aspect in the US foreign policy, because it prevents World War III and violation of human rights. Arms control in the US and foreign countries is under the strict control, while transparency surrounding the structure and size of military forces is enhanced. Controlling arms in countries facilitates nations confidence, reduces incentives for nations to engage in attacks and allows nations to direct human labor, finance and resources to more dynamic and safer international resources (Jerick, 2010). Weapons created by other nations, such as Russia, Korea and Iraq, are destabilized to reduce attack against developed countries. The US foreign policies against nuclear warheads favor America and other nations in terms of protecting human rights and allowing free trade across borders. Russia and the US are among the few countries that have the capabilities to create and disarm nuclear weapons. These two nations have implemented a strategy to destroy all nucl ear weapons, especially submarines and aircrafts that carry these weapons when attacking other nations. Data from Mainstream Theorists Benevolent Empire Robert Kagan is a mainstream theorist who believes that America is an empire, because of its great efforts put to control a world peace, global economy, great humanitarian efforts and promoting democracy. In his book the Benevolent Empire, Kagan reveals the state of the world after the Monica Lewinsky sex scandal with the former President Bill Clinton hit the media (1998). The international community watched keenly to see if the world would suddenly spur into chaos, because the leadership of the superpower was under controversy. Foreign dignitaries wondered if the peace process facilitated by President Clinton would stall, or the financial crisis in Asia would breakdown. Many people wondered whether the Peninsula in Korea would be unsettled. All these questions came from mainstream media who calculated the risks associated with a distracted super power. European, Middle East and Asian mainstream media temporarily stopped their irritable view of American hegemonic pretensions and arro gance (Kagan, 1998). They all paused to contemplate the risks and consequences associated with a crippled presidency from a super power. Many countries through their communications network expressed their fears due to a distracted supremacy. The absence of a supreme power proved to be a major global crisis as compared to having America as the only super power. Other alternatives did not suit the position of a supreme nation. Kagan asserts that people resent power, even when it is possessed by relatives or friends. He further explains this resentment as a timeless human emotion that goes hand in hand with arrogance vested power. The resentment of US power by other nations originates from its expansion after the Cold War. The US improved its economy, healthcare, technology and social life because of the ruins the British colony and the Cold War had left within its grasp. The US as a super power is essential and favorable to all countries as compared to alternative powers. A world that lacks U.S primacy or authority will have violence, disorders, dictatorships and economic downfall within itself. Kagan claims that it is better for a world that has U.S primacy than a world that does not have single authority or other alternative powers (1998). The US defense budget is higher than those of all other developed countries. This is because America is the main target of attack due to its power and international commitment made by the US to protect its allies. Kagan reports that 90% of American soldiers expelled Iraqs army during the Gulf War from Kuwait (1998). In Bosnia, America deployed troops to defend its interests because it is one of the US allies. Power and Weakness In the book Power and Weakness, Robert Kagan tries to differentiate the view of the world from Europeans side and from Americas perspective. Americans and Europeans have divergent views in terms of power. Europe does not seek to hold too much power, but it is moving to a position where rules, laws, cooperation and transnational negotiations turn the world into a self-contained system (Kagan, 2002). Europe wants to enter into a post-colonial paradise of relative prosperity and peace. The US remains stalled in history where security, order and power remain to the nation that has military might and possession of advanced weapons. Europeans fear that they no longer share the same culture with Americans in the sense that the US allows men and women to carry guns or store them in their houses. There is a warlike temperament with every defense situation and death penalties reigns in different states in America. Europe resolves crisis through diplomacy, but the US has weapons and military pe rsonnel to response quickly using force. The Unipolar Moment Charles Krauthammer asserts that America had to take the leading position after the Cold War due to its tactics and relationship with the global community (1990). He disputes the critics who view America as a self-serving country that takes advantage of its power. America, as a supreme nation, worked hard to attain its power. Power and preeminence in America are based on the amount of its military, political, diplomatic and economic assets that allow it to be the only player in making decisions during conflicts in different parts of the world (Krauthammer, 1990). The US took control of the Persian Gulf War that prevented Iraq from taking control of the Arabian Peninsula. Japan and Germany have threatened to be the super powers in the past, but economic dominance does not only constitute for primacy. Europe does not qualify to compete for primacy, because the methods it uses while solving conflict are old-fashioned and time consuming. Krauthammer continues to explain that the US deser ves to create the unipolar moment in a sense that when Kuwait was under fire during the Gulf War, Europe and Germany and the United Nations guaranteed nothing (1990). America deployed its troops, bribed and blackmailed Kuwaits rivals to win the war. The US took action and responsibility, because other countries ignored the plea of Kuwait, while the United Nations is present by name. Kuwait would have been written off if America did not step in as a primacy to help to solve its conflicts. Krauthammers foresight of Americas economic spiral does not occur to its expansion to foreign countries, but due to its defense budget, which serves its citizens and the nations allied to the US (1990). He further explains that the economy of the US fell because of domestic spending, such as the low tax creed imposed in the 1980s attached to its insatiable desire to improve the living standards of its citizens without paying the cost of luxurious lifestyles. Krauthammer later confirms that America i s not only an isollationist by geography, but also by the unfriendly conditions that its two neighbors displayed in ancient years (1990). Data from Critics Super Power Illusions Jack Matlock is an accomplished American diplomat who served as the US ambassador in the Soviet Union from 1987 to 1991 (Mandelbaum, 2010). Matlock advised a former President Ronald Reagan concerning Soviet affairs before he was stationed to Moscow. In his book Super Power Illusions, he harshly criticizes the Bush administration because of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the US citizens (2010). Matlock observes that Bush and his administration neglected the information provided by the CIA prior to the attacks because of extreme power vested in the US (2010). He compares President Barack Obama to the former President Ronald Reagan, whom he advised and reasoned with, in contrast to the previous President Bush. Matlock who was a close friend and advisor of President Ronald Reagan disputes the famous concept about the US using threats and military force to end the Cold War (Mandelbaum, 2010). He says in his book that the Cold War ended due to negotiations that benefitted both natio ns. He also denounces the notion that Presidents Ronald Reagan rhetoric actions in negotiations conquered communism. Matlock condemns the perception of the Americans regarding the fall of the Soviet Union as being equivalent to the US military victory (2010). The misconception of the end of the Cold War has led to pernicious consequences where Vladimir Putin asserts that Russia was weakened and destroyed by the West in the negotiations, hence, the existence of autocratic domestic policies imposed by President Putin and reflexive hostility by Russia towards the US (Matlock, 2010). The incorrect understanding of the end of the Cold War contributes to the exaggerated sense of the US power. This creates harmful foreign policies by the US in maintaining competitive advantage in global markets, deploying military troops in contemporary wars and raising the value of the dollars to oppress poor countries in international trade. Foreign Policy and the US Intelligence Chomsky Noam a harsh critic of US foreign policies states that America imposes foreign policies in the name of good international relations, but the underlining reason is for self-interests. The US foreign policy is intended for certain principles and ideals that reflect the interests of America. However, some of these policies cause more harm than good in violation of human rights, bad leadership and self-centered ideas. In cases that turn tragic, unfortunate or embarrassing, the US is quick to fix a solution right away, explaining that any event that threatens national security is dealt with using force and strict trade policies. When America deviates from its original purpose while implementing foreign policies, top scholars and government officials explain in intense details that tragic error was a deviation from the normal and deeply held ethics. In the Vietnam War, the US explained the great loss of civilian lives as a collateral damage when military action is sought (Andrews, 1976). The US claims that it lives beyond its moral resources in trying to defend itself or other allies. This makes the US fall into self-righteousness and hypocrisy. The wars in Vietnam and Iraq led to a great loss of life in the civilian population (Chomsky, 1982). This population encompasses children, women and innocent men who were caught in the middle of cross fire because of their countrys rivalry with the US. Many intellectuals believe that Americas use of power during the both wars in Iraq and Vietnam showed an abuse of power and immorality. This is the reason many people believe that America is amending its principles to dismantle its weapon power throughout the world. This is a pure fairytale created in the minds of people, believing that the media now possesses ultimate power as compared to the state. This myth about the media becoming the most powerful system is spreading to other nations, but in reality, the media neglected to report how the war in both, Vietnam and Ir aq affected civilian lives, until radical critics both, in the US and foreign nations raised their concerns (Terkel, 1984). Many intellectuals disregard the US when they seem to have failed in their morals, especially in the Vietnam War, but the truth is that the US did not fail in its efforts, it carried out its mission and succeeded. People who lived through the Vietnam War want to escape the US education system and media involvement, but the alternative is impossible, which is to extract facts from sources close to officials in the justice system. The Power Curse Giulio Gallarotti has a different perspective on the power theme by the US. Gallarotti is a Political Science professor at Wesleyan University and the author of the book The Power Curse (Mandelbaum, 2010). He acts as an observer of the global economy, where the US has taken a strategic position in controlling trade and policies in its exports. Gallarotti observes that the US has the resource curse in a sense that the US is the only nation that has large endowment of different valuable resources (2010). An example of valuable resource in this case is oil, which is derived from other countries that are poorer, hence, low in production. The US uses this oil in boosting its economy and lifestyle, but when it raises the value of its dollar, exports will not be valuable, because other poorer countries cannot afford to import such products from the US. Many countries cannot afford to import energy products from the U.S because of the high price. These countries impose their own foreign trad e policies, hence, making the US adopt such polices that will eventually weaken its economy in the global markets (Huntington et al., 1975). Gallorotti reports that the US accumulated power is a danger to itself, because the power makes other countries fall victims of extensive foreign policies imposed by the US and, finally, to withdraw from the global market. US citizens fall victims to the infamous moral hazards of trade. This means that gains, profits and revenues from economic activities with foreign markets are privatized, but losses are often socialized, especially to the government. Gallaroti implies that an individual or a company whose operations are based on moral hazards will engage in risky business deals, because of losses to be accounted for by other people (2010). The Bush administration weakened the US due to the intense foreign policies. Gallaroti writes in his book that the social welfare activities directed to the terrorist groups: Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbollah, are legend in all Muslim communities worldwide, but the effects of policies imposed by these groups create a poor welfare for the people who are affected (2010). When Hamas assaulted Israel and the criticism of Egypt intensified, the two countries blocked the Gaza Strip, a power base for Hamas and a form of underworld for local citizens. Hezbollah began a war that was unprovoked on Israe,l and this caused extensive damage to human life and property in Beirut and whole Lebanon. Al Qaeda has continued to murder thousands of innocent Muslims after the terrorist attacks in the US (Mandelbaum, 2010). Conclusion The US is both, an empire and a republic due its role in the international community and the consequences associated with its actions. America is an empire, because it has the economic, political, military and social dominance to be a primacy. The world would be out of order if the US ceased to be preeminent. Other alternatives, such as Europe, Germany or Japan cannot provide the necessary force needed in maintaining peace and order. These countries cannot become super powers, because they lack the economic and military power to support the world in cases of conflicts. The US as a republic is an isolationist, because all foreign policies serve the interests of the Americans before those of foreign countries. Power enables the US to sustain a competitive advantage in the global markets, derive valuable resources from weak nations through force and declare war when it is solving security threats. The US will interfere with any nations operations when it pleases because as an isolationi st, it must focus on the interest of its citizens and its environment. This is because no country dares to oppose the US lest it wants economic downfall or military troops on its land. Buy custom Empire or Republic essay

Sony Corp. Business Case study

Sony Corp. Business Case study Free Online Research Papers In an economy that thrives thoroughly on technology and progression itself, there are many companies that have taken advantage of the opportunities that have been offered to them through science. Because of the continuous growth in technology, companies have been able to find ways to further their success by offering competitive products and service. One company, in particular, that has taken full advantage of this feature is Sony. This company alone has had tremendous success because of their strategic ways of thinking and their unbelievable talent in taking advantage of every ounce of new technology that is able to be utilized. But also by taking advantage of online commerce or e-commerce Sony has grown greatly. The history of the Sony world is an excellent indication of how much work and time has been put into developing the nation’s leading supplier of the electronic world. Sony shocked the world when they released the first ever CD player. They dropped jaws when they introduced this device that could play music and was also conveniently portable. After this brilliant experience the founder of Sony, Tsurushima decided that it wasn’t enough. He and his colleagues set off immediately to find a way to create yet another compact disk player that not only would do the same thing, but also be smaller, and more affordable. Being able to cut down the costs of the semi-conductors used, and the optical pickup device, were the two key ingredients that would launch Sony into profit. The countless claims of impossibility only catapulted these dedicated employees further into the want and need for a better device. Finally, in 1983 despite all the negative remarks and doubts, Sony ca me up with the exact technology that it would take to build and create a CD player that was one-tenth the size of its predecessor, and almost half the cost. Once again, the drive for success and satisfaction forced Sony to create yet another device, this one even better than the last. They called it the â€Å"d-50† and it is known as the world’s first portable CD player; (Business the). Sony always has been the best in the industry for cutting size, and they continue to be the force to be reckoned with as they proceed to launch the hottest, most dynamic technologically advanced products on the market today. The Sony Corporation of America, based in New York City, proves to be the leading manufacturer in audio, video, communications, and technology products both on a consumer, and a business basis ;(SONY). Sony provides its consumers with entertainment and business based products that always prove to be the best in quality and service. From music, to movies, games, computers, downloads, and anything else you need to be satisfied, Sony is there to make life itself easier. The main headquarters of the Sony Corporation is not based in the U.S. because the founders and head CEO’s of this company are based in Japan. Their service is not only found in America but is also found world-wide. With companies such as Sony Electronics, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, and Sony BMG Music Entertainment, this company is obviously close to the best at marketing and commercializing their products in a general sense. They have re-defined the meaning of customer satisf action and guaranteed cooperation with valuable service. All Sony products are compatible, easy to use, practical, and affordable because Sony’s focus is not on how to make the products better; it is strictly on how to make the product good enough for the consumer to purchase. Sony employs approximately 158,500 people world-wide who are all dedicated to the same goals. Their company is stacked with hundreds of perfectionists whose goal is to make the product the right way, every time. They do their best and they perform to the top of their ability all the time. Dedicated employees and an everlasting drive for efficiency is why Sony makes an average of 64 billion dollars a year. Sony has proved to be a powerhouse in the majority of their companies in the industries that they’re involved in. They have been successful innovators for the highest level of technology and growth. In the electronics field alone, Sony Electronics inc. have snowballed into being one of the most detailed, and graphically brilliant companies there is. In September of 1995, Sony entered the gaming system world with the extremely popular Playstation. They sold over 100 million units, 16 million over the internet; (Sony Style). Playstation was only the beginning to this thriving industry of the gaming world. Sony continues to release new and improved versions of playstation. Everyone knows that whenever a Sony gaming system is released, it becomes and instant hit with consumers. People line up weeks in advance for the newest product Sony has mustered up. They pay strict attention to when their product will be released, how it will be released, how it does against the compe titors, and also how much it sells. Sony works so hard in the gaming industry to release countless amounts of technology and skill into their products. Talent and time is put into every Sony system on the market to guarantee that you get the very best things out there. As soon as a new technology scheme is found, Sony is the first one to the labs. They begin to create something tremendous. The Ps3, which is the newest system released by Sony, had been a work in progress for almost 5 years. New chips and memory spaces were added to the already glorified Playstation 2. Sony builds and creates their products until they have a finished product that is breathtaking. Once this product is released, they continue the cycle over and over again to stay on top of their game and ensure that their customers and consumers in general are getting the very best from the technology field. In the future, I see Sony as being exactly what they are today. Sony is the company that people rely on to technologically feed them. They are the source of diversity and wealth in an entertainment sense. Sony has mastered the fine art of consumer interest and they continue to remain at the top of their game. They guarantee that you will be happy with the products they produce, because they are constantly changing. Who knows what Sony will come up with next? Whether it is in music, games, movies, devices, hand-helds, or E-books; (Sony the Private.) Sony is a definite success in any field they are involved in. With the latest and most affordable way to apply and create new technology, this company is sure to meet their customer’s demands. There are endless possibilities for Sony just for their Playstation products alone, not counting all the other masteries they have created in music and television. Sony has pretty much commercialized the technology world into a field where growth, communication, profit, and business are all reasonable values. Sony will continue to shrink and improve the majority of their products for continuous profit and interest of consumers. There is literally no end to the countless innovations and skills that there dedicated employees can come up with. Sony literally is technology of the future. Now that Sony has become such a world leader in technology that they have also learned that with that title there comes many complications. Lawsuits are something every large company has to worry about. People are sue happy which means that people will find any way possible to sue a company for anything. To help protect Sony from this they have spent millions on trying to follow every legal or civil law there is in every country they are in.( Sony .net) One example is making sure that the people they hire are all treated and hired in the same manner, so that no discrimination charge could be filed against them. Due to of all of the time and man power that Sony has put into this, they have become one of the best companies to work for. On the financial side of Sony their market shares and sales for the fiscal year of 2008 have increased dramatically. Their operation income for motion pictures has increased by 26.5%, (Sony.COM) this is because of more contracts to produce movies all around the world has increased. No longer are they in just America for the movie business they now are also producing motion pictures in India, Japan, China, and even England. Also Sony’s operation income from electronics has increased 121.8% over last year, (Sony.com). This is mostly because of the higher sales in PSP or playstation portables and in the higher sales in the Playstation 3, also because of the battery change policy is up from past years; where Sony replaced all of the faulty batteries in laptops for free, at a cost to the company of 15 Billion yen. The Sony Corporation is all around the world and is doing extremely well in every market place. Some of the company’s strengths included electronics, in which they are one of the world’s biggest producers of electronic equipment in the world, and because of this there aren’t many high up competitors that can compete with Sony. This is also because any time Sony begins to get a competitor in any of the fields they deal in, Sony normally try’s to buy that company and add it to Sony’s corporation. As of right now Sony does not have any real difficulties in any field they are involved in. This is mainly because the company has not tried to venture into any new fields in such a long time. Sony feels that it would be unwise to join a field of development that it doesn’t currently work in. The lack of competition in their current fields of expertese and high risks associated with new technology keeps Sony happy where they are. The Sony Corporation is still one of the best corporations to work for especially in electronics and is definitely a company that is making huge profits and success. References 1. Http://www.sony.com/sca/index.shtml 2. Http://www.sonystyle.com/is-bin/INTERSHOP.enfinity’eCS/store/en/-/USD/Default-star 3. Http://www.sony.net/Fun.SH/1-21/h1.html 4. Sony, by Nathan, John; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, New York 10003 5. Business the Sony way, John Wiley Sons; Capstone publishing limited, 8 Newtec place Magdalen Road Oxford Ox4 IRE; United Kingdom 6. Sony the Private Life; by Nathan John; John; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, New York 10003 Research Papers on Sony Corp. 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Pro Forma Sessions in Congress

Pro Forma Sessions in Congress In the daily agendas of the House of Representatives and Senate, you will often see that House or Senate leaders have scheduled a â€Å"pro forma† session for the day. What is a pro forma session, what is its purpose, and why do they sometimes stir up political firestorms? Key Takeaways: Pro Forma Sessions Pro forma sessions are meetings of the U.S. Congress held â€Å"in form only.† Either house of Congress can hold pro forma sessions.During pro forma sessions, no votes are taken and no other legislative business is conducted.Pro forma sessions are held for the purpose of meeting the â€Å"three-day rule† in Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution. The three day rule prohibits either chamber of Congress from not meeting for more than three consecutive calendar days during a congressional session without the approval of the other chamber. The term pro forma is a Latin term meaning â€Å"as a matter of form† or â€Å"for the sake of form.† While either chamber of Congress can hold them, pro forma sessions are most often held in the Senate. Typically, no legislative business, such as the introduction or debate on bills or resolutions, is conducted during a pro forma session. As a result, pro forma sessions rarely last more than a few minutes from gavel-to-gavel. There are no constitutional restrictions on how long pro forma sessions must last or what business may be conducted in them. While any Senator or Representative present can open and preside over a pro forma session, the attendance of other members is not required. Indeed, most pro forma sessions are conducted before nearly empty chambers of Congress.   A Senator or Representative from one of the nearby states of Virginia, Maryland or Delaware is usually chosen to preside over pro forma sessions since members from other states have usually left Washington, D.C. for vacations or meeting with constituents in their home districts or states. The Official Purpose of Pro Forma Sessions The officially stated purpose for pro forma sessions is to comply with Article I, Section 5 of the Constitution, which prohibits either chamber of Congress from adjourning for more than three consecutive calendar days without the consent of the other chamber. Scheduled long-term breaks provided for in the annual legislative calendars for  sessions of Congress, such as the summer breaks and district work periods are typically provided for by the passage in both chambers of a joint resolution declaring the adjournment. However, the numerous unofficial reason for holding pro forma sessions of Congress often results in controversy and politically hurt feelings. The More Controversial Purpose of Pro Forma Sessions While doing so never fails to raise controversy, the minority party in the Senate often holds pro forma sessions specifically to prevent the President of the United States from making â€Å"recess appointments† of persons to fill vacancies in federal offices that require the approval of the Senate. The president is allowed under Article II, Section 2  of the Constitution to make recess appointments during recesses or adjournments of Congress. Persons appointed by recess appointments assume their position without the approval of the Senate but must be confirmed by the Senate before the end of the next session of Congress, or when the position again becomes vacant. As long as the Senate meets in pro forma sessions, Congress never officially adjourns, thus blocking the president from making recess appointments. However, in 2012, President Barak Obama made four recess appointments during Congress’ winter break, despite a run of daily pro forma sessions called by Senate Republicans. Obama argued at the time that pro forma sessions do not block the president’s â€Å"constitutional authority† to make appointments. Despite being challenged by Republicans, Obama’s recess appointees were eventually confirmed by the Democrat-controlled Senate.

Political economy midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Political economy midterm - Essay Example The basic classes of ontology available include upper ontology, process ontology, domain ontology, and interface ontology. Ontology focuses on status of reality, which can either be dependent or independent. Independent reality implies that reality does not depend on human interpretation2. Human beings have their own ways through which they interpret various aspects affecting their lives; when their interpretation of life does not determine the definition of reality, philosophers refer to that type of reality as independent reality. Dependent reality, on the other hand, implies that the meaning of reality depends on how human beings interpret the state of being. In this case, human beings are the determinants of how reality is interpreted. Positivism, as a philosophy of science, posits that the exclusive source of knowledge constitutes information derived from logical and mathematical studies plus the reports of sensory experience. According to the positivists, exclusive knowledge must be based verified data derived from empirical evidence. Empirical evidence refers to facts derived from scientific research as opposed to hearsay. Schroeder and Chester contend that positivists believe that the society operates according to general laws, just like the physical world3. Positivism subscribes to the belief that the study of the social world is similar to the study of the natural world. The natural world actually exists and its study depends on clearly observable features. Positivists believe that it is possible to understand the casual mechanisms characterizing the political economy just as it is done in physical sciences (Horwitz and Koppl 32)4. The primary objective of positivism science is to discover the universality of the aspects under investigation. For example, if positivists want to understand causes of poor economic performance, they focus on the

MARKETING STRATEGIES TO INCREASE CUSTMER SATISFACTION Essay

MARKETING STRATEGIES TO INCREASE CUSTMER SATISFACTION - Essay Example A comparison of the expectations that a customer may have had as a result of any marketing and the subsequent reality after the purchase of a product, service or trying out of something that had been the subject of a marketing campaign can result in the customer being satisfied or dissatisfied with their closer interaction. Customer satisfaction determines the repeat purchase behaviour of a customer, their word to mouth recommendation and loyalty to a firm as well as any long term business association. It is far more expensive to gain a new customer then it is to retain an existing one and customer experiences do get repeated to others in the market. Marketing involves the whole customer interaction with a company or firm and any expectations that a customer has as a result of marketing have to be fulfilled in reality. Thus, the marketing strategy that is pursued by a firm does determine the profits that it can make and the success that can be enjoyed. This dissertation proposal atte mpts to present a research project that will try to investigate ingredients of marketing that can give rise to customer satisfaction in an age of computing, telecommunications and information technology networks. Marketing is about making people aware of solutions for their human and social needs in a cost effective and appropriate manner so that profits can be made for those who are providing the solutions as well as those who are communicating the message about the existence of the available solutions (Kotler, 2005, Chapter 1). Although effective marketing can take many forms, it should be able to satisfy the target audience and meet their need for information about what is available in a manner that is both pleasing and informative. If information is conveyed in a manner that is pleasing and exciting, then it is very likely that potential customers will be attracted to a product, service or solution for which they perceive that they have a need. The scope of marketing

Discussing the loss of the role of main exporter by USA Essay

Discussing the loss of the role of main exporter by USA - Essay Example This is the reason why, at present, companies usually segment their products to target the various consumers and fit what their wants and needs are. Consumer characteristics have a direct bearing on the choice and management of a marketing channel. Determining which channel is most appropriate is based on answers to fundamental questions such as: Who are potential customers Where do they buy When do they buy How do they buy What do they buy These answers also indicate the type of intermediary best suited to reaching target buyers. This is why knowledge of consumer characteristics plays an extremely important role in many marketing applications, such as defining the market for a product or deciding on the appropriate techniques in marketing. In contrast to consumer purchasing, business purchasing is generally based more on economic reasons than on emotional ones. Among the many factors business purchasers consider when choosing a supplier are the quality-price ratio, delivery reliability, reputation of the supplier, information and market services provided by the supplier, and previous experience with the supplier. The Internet has revolutionized the purchasing behaviours of consumers because built deeper, more personalized relationships with customers because they can purchase anything anytime inside the convenience of their own homes. Although much is still needed to be learned about online consumer purchase behavior, research has documented the most frequently purchased products and services bought online have been mostly reservations for plane tickets, cars and hotels. These products fall in the category of items for which product information is an important part of the purchase decision, but prepurchase trial is not necessarily critical. Also, items such as computers, computer accessories, and consumer electronics sold by Dell.com fall into this category. So do books, which accounts for the sales growth of Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble (www.barnesandnoble.com ) (Kerin, 2003). Internet consumers differ from traditional offline consumers in their approaches to buying and in their responses to marketing. The exchange process via the Internet has become more customer initiated and customer controlled. People who use the Internet place greater value on information and tend to respond negatively to messages aimed only at selling. Traditional marketing targets a somewhat passive audience. For example, buyers would prefer to buy paints offline because they want to see the actual product and test it themselves. However, more and more companies are now creating a marketing website, instead of a purchasing site. These sites engage consumers in an interaction that will move them closer to a direct purchase or other marketing outcome. Such sites might include a catalog, shopping tips, and promotional features such as coupons, sales events, or contests. For example, visitors to Nokia.com can search through dozens of categories of Nokia products, review detailed features and specifications lists for specific items, read expert product reviews, and check out the latest hot deals. They can place an order for the desired products

Analysis of Promotional Program Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Promotional Program Situation - Essay Example This product is hopefully going to sail through the market given its peculiarity, simplicity and integrative capabilities. There are a number of competing products to the Tablet360. However, the main competition is from the Nokia and Samsung who have by far established a number of related products. Their products are well positioned across the world market. They have a broad market share, towering through a number of countries. Their marketing strategies are vibrant and they have their presence on all the local and international media, in addition to the internet. They are also well promoted through sponsorship of great football clubs that play in the English Premier League. At the moment, there are so many phones and related tablets from these companies with enhanced features such as the touch screen, radio, mobile banking options, TV and the internet among others. (Strauss). In addition, it might be difficult to persuade the huge population that has already embraced these gadgets given the extra expenditure that they may have to incur on Tablet360. However, the saleability of this gadget is almost gua ranteed since its features are luxurious, efficient and amazingly economic due to the miniaturized enhancements and the ease of workability. As such, the tablet is estimated to command a market share of about 75% percent in the electronic market if effective advertisement is carried out. Most of the competitors are marketing their products through the mass media and the internet. (Strauss). In addition they also use the mobile phone short messaging services to spread the awareness of their products. (Christensen and LÃ ¦greid). In order to counter this, a more personalized marketing strategy for Tablet360 will have to be adopted. For example, after closing a sale with a buyer of the tablet, he might be given an opportunity to seek for a customer of another tablet with a guaranteed commission. (Strauss). In case the new customer comes, then the same strategy can

Prometheus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prometheus - Essay Example Prometheus was a very clever witted and wily Titan whose job was to mould mankind from clay. All these aspects help to show how he was a harbinger of good deeds for mankind as he was always concerned with trying to make humanity better. For this reason alone, he often clashed with Zeus, who was opposed to the idea of having any form of humanity other than that of the Titan clan. For stealing fire from Zeus, Prometheus was punished cruelly by Zeus. He was chained to the mountain of Kaukasos where every day, an eagle would feast upon his liver. Since he had healing powers, his liver would regenerate every night. He says, â€Å"This is the crime that I must expiate   Hung here in chains, nailed 'neath the open sky. Ha!  Ha!   What echo, what odour floats by with no sound?† Through these simple yet satirical words, written down in the Aeschylus, Prometheus has tried to set aside his woes and bring to terms that fact that he had been chained on Zeus’ orders, which acco rding to him were very unjust. These lines help to show the kind of disdain that flowed through Prometheus at the time of being chained and undergoing such a cruel punishment all because of the anger that Zeus had in his mind. He says, â€Å"The foe of Zeus and one at feud with all   The deities that find   Submissive entry to the tyrant's hall;   His fault, too great a love of humankind.   Ah me! Ah me! what wafture nigh at hand,   As of great birds of prey, is this I hear?† Through these words and dialogue, Prometheus has tried to put forth the kind of hatred that Zeus possessed for all of humanity of mortals; the reason because of which he got chained to the mountain. This process continued for a very long time, until Zeus ordered Hercules to rescue Prometheus. Despite this, the fire could not be retrieved back from humanity because it had spread too wide and far. However, the question still remains whether or not Prometheus’ punishment was justified by Ze us. According to personal opinion, it was not, because Prometheus was only trying to share with humanity the gifts that the Titans possessed. He could foresee the future and thus had probably foreseen doom that would be bestowed upon mankind if humanity had not discovered fire. Even though years of rubbing sticks and stones together went by, no man was able to create fire until the time that Prometheus stole it and sent it to the cavemen. â€Å"Oh that he had conveyed me   'Neath earth, 'neath hell that swalloweth up the  dead;   In Tartarus, illimitably vast   With adamantine fetters bound me fast-   There his fierce anger on me visited,   Where never mocking laughter could upbraid me   Of God or aught beside!† Through the following lines, Prometheus has tried to describe the kind of hellish life was to spend in the dark pits of Tartarus as per his punishment by Zeus. The wrath of Zeus was not at all justified in the kind of punitive life Prometheus was put int o for the rest of his life. The symbol of Prometheus is thus used in modern day architecture in various parts of the world in order to make people remember that fear persists in the environment as well. Prometheus was not at all a God fearing man and thus went ahead with his decision of taking the fire away and distributing it in a way that it flowed light upon the rest of mankind. Also, his liver, which is actually a symbolism of courage and

Can the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) emulate the model of the EU Essay

Can the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) emulate the model of the EU - Essay Example Despite this noticeable difference between the EU and the GCC, the former can still share its experience on enhancing the performance of regional agencies, managing the adjustment costs created by reducing barriers, and achieving integration, with the Arab world. The Arab and European countries meeting correspondingly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union (EU), while having crucial political and strategic commonalities, have generated markedly different wide-ranging pattern of strategic relations and issues in the last two to three decades.1 Both have particular interests in their corresponding region, on the one hand, and tremendously important global alliances, on the other. Nevertheless, it is unquestionable that the GCC countries have progressed globally more than the EU, particularly on political status, whilst the EU has concentrated on its region and organised its regional structure far more radically than the GCC.2 Ultimately, whilst both the EU and the GCC countries have a critical, but distinct security and political relations with the United States, the latter are at present basically directed towards Asia from a strategic framework, whilst the EU is directed towards its own region and North America3, with t he GCC serving an absolutely more isolated role. Nevertheless, argument for the EU as an exemplar for other regional integration contexts could be restricted, given the distinctive conditions in which it was built and endorsed. Founded due to conflicts, the EU gained from particular events in its expansion, such as the developed character of the European economies, the United States pledge and fostering role, and the Cold War, which are not located anywhere else.4 It would hence appear more relevant to apply the experience of EU not as a blueprint or paradigm to evaluate the failure or success of the GCC regional integration

Prometheus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prometheus - Essay Example Prometheus was a very clever witted and wily Titan whose job was to mould mankind from clay. All these aspects help to show how he was a harbinger of good deeds for mankind as he was always concerned with trying to make humanity better. For this reason alone, he often clashed with Zeus, who was opposed to the idea of having any form of humanity other than that of the Titan clan. For stealing fire from Zeus, Prometheus was punished cruelly by Zeus. He was chained to the mountain of Kaukasos where every day, an eagle would feast upon his liver. Since he had healing powers, his liver would regenerate every night. He says, â€Å"This is the crime that I must expiate   Hung here in chains, nailed 'neath the open sky. Ha!  Ha!   What echo, what odour floats by with no sound?† Through these simple yet satirical words, written down in the Aeschylus, Prometheus has tried to set aside his woes and bring to terms that fact that he had been chained on Zeus’ orders, which acco rding to him were very unjust. These lines help to show the kind of disdain that flowed through Prometheus at the time of being chained and undergoing such a cruel punishment all because of the anger that Zeus had in his mind. He says, â€Å"The foe of Zeus and one at feud with all   The deities that find   Submissive entry to the tyrant's hall;   His fault, too great a love of humankind.   Ah me! Ah me! what wafture nigh at hand,   As of great birds of prey, is this I hear?† Through these words and dialogue, Prometheus has tried to put forth the kind of hatred that Zeus possessed for all of humanity of mortals; the reason because of which he got chained to the mountain. This process continued for a very long time, until Zeus ordered Hercules to rescue Prometheus. Despite this, the fire could not be retrieved back from humanity because it had spread too wide and far. However, the question still remains whether or not Prometheus’ punishment was justified by Ze us. According to personal opinion, it was not, because Prometheus was only trying to share with humanity the gifts that the Titans possessed. He could foresee the future and thus had probably foreseen doom that would be bestowed upon mankind if humanity had not discovered fire. Even though years of rubbing sticks and stones together went by, no man was able to create fire until the time that Prometheus stole it and sent it to the cavemen. â€Å"Oh that he had conveyed me   'Neath earth, 'neath hell that swalloweth up the  dead;   In Tartarus, illimitably vast   With adamantine fetters bound me fast-   There his fierce anger on me visited,   Where never mocking laughter could upbraid me   Of God or aught beside!† Through the following lines, Prometheus has tried to describe the kind of hellish life was to spend in the dark pits of Tartarus as per his punishment by Zeus. The wrath of Zeus was not at all justified in the kind of punitive life Prometheus was put int o for the rest of his life. The symbol of Prometheus is thus used in modern day architecture in various parts of the world in order to make people remember that fear persists in the environment as well. Prometheus was not at all a God fearing man and thus went ahead with his decision of taking the fire away and distributing it in a way that it flowed light upon the rest of mankind. Also, his liver, which is actually a symbolism of courage and

Tools of Monetary Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Tools of Monetary Policy - Essay Example We consider these one by one in what follows. i) The required reserve ratio To understand the operational mechanism of this particular monetary policy tool, it is imperative to understand what the monetary base of an economy is. Essentially, the monetary base of an economy is defined as being the sum total of all cash holdings and reserves in the economy, i.e., the monetary base MB = C+R where C = currency/checkable deposits and R = total reserves. Further, R = RR+ER where RR is the required reserves and ER is the excess reserves. Required reserves are determined through the required reserve ratio (r) which is set by the central bank. The central bank sets the ratio of total deposits that commercial banks and other financial lending institutions have to hold as reserves. The excess reserves are the reserve holdings maintained by these banks for liquidity concerns or prudence over and above the stipulated required reserve holdings. The required reserve ratio is the policy tool by regu lating which the central bank can control the amount of excess reserves and thus loanable funds of the banks. Thus by controlling these reserves the money supply in the economy can be regulated. If the central bank intends to undertake expansionary monetary policy it can do so by relaxing the reserve requirement and consequentially increasing the amount of loans that can be made in the economy. If on the other hand it needs to conduct contractionary monetary policy, it can do so by making the reserve requirement more stringent. ii) The discount policy The discount rate is one of the monetary policy tools of the central bank of an economy. It is the rate of interest that the central bank charges for short term loans that it forwards to other banks that require such loans to cover shortages in their liquidity requirements. Discount policy affects the money supply of an economy through two channels: first, by affecting the discount rate on loans and thus in turn affecting the amount of loans indirectly and secondly, by altering the amounts of the short term loans directly. In case of the first channel, that is changing the discount rate, this may or may not have an impact on money supply depending on the position of the demand for reserves (RD). The effect of increasing the discount rate on the money supply is shown below in diagram 1. In part (a), the demand for reserves is not high enough and as a result there are no changes in the equilibrium reserve holdings. In part (b) there is a high demand for reserves and as a consequence, there is a decline in the equilibrium reserve holdings. Figure 1: Impact of increases in the discount rate In the diagram above, there is an increase in the discount rate from to . Consequentially the supply of reserves schedule rises from to . However, observe that in part (a) the demand for reserves are lower than in part (b). In particular the demand for reserves schedule is not high enough in part (a) to substantiate any efficacy o f increasing the discount rate. In fact in such a scenario, a decline in the discount rate could have an impact by increasing the equilibrium reserve holdings if the rate is lowered below the bank rate. However, this will make sense if the resulting effect of increased money supply is the desired result. As a result, albeit the increase in the discount rate leads to a rise in the supply of reserves, there is no change in the equilibri

Numbing Creams for Tattoos

Numbing Creams for Tattoos Some tattoo artists will say no. Others will say yes. There are many factors to consider when getting a tattoo and obviously the amount of pain you must go through for that tattoo will vary. Old school tattoo artists are of the mind, that you must earn your tattoo with the pain you go through to get the tattoo. This is a pretty outdated way of thinking. Many factors play into how much a tattoo will hurt. One important factor is where the tattoo will be located on your body. Areas such as the outer arms, outer legs, upper back and upper chest are not very painful for tattooing. Other areas such as the lower back, inside the arms, or legs, near elbows and knees, along the spine, along the ribs, the lower front torso are all considered to be more painful areas. The feet and ankles are definitely more painful than other areas. This applies also to inside the wrist and hands. Best Practices Effective Pain Management For Botox Patients Since first introduced to the medical community in 1989, as a treatment for eye muscle disorders, administering of Botulinum Toxin Type A: Botox and similar neurotoxin injectables, has now become the most popular non-invasive aesthetic medical procedure performed worldwide. However, as physicians strive to make aesthetic medicine procedures more comfortable for their patients, a cold war of sorts has emerged regarding the use of topical anesthetic and ice during injectable procedures. Through a survey of expert practitioners the following best practices for the use of topical anesthetic and ice emerges. The critical factor to minimizing discomfort and bruising is technique. However, based on a patients tolerance, topical anesthetic can be used to minimize, but not extinguish, the pain associated with subcutaneous injections. Ice is generally considered the best tool to minimize bruising. Other tools in the physician arsenal to minimize pain are size of needle (32 gauge is recommended) and ensure minimal volume is injected (e.g. dilute the Botox at 2.5 cc per bottle =4u/.1 cc). Finally, for a select group of physicians and patients, ice and topical anesthetic completely take a back seat to a gentle hand. Best numbing cream How Much Does it Cost to Remove a Tattoo? We are all taught that tattoos are forever so you should be darn sure that the tattoo design your are getting inked on your skin that you will be able to live with it for the rest of your life. With that being said the above statement isnt necessarily true. Tattoos in a sense are forever but if you have the money and can endure the pain of getting a tattoo removed by a laser you can always go down the route. However, getting a tattoo removed by a laser doesnt always mean your tattoo will be gone forever. You can develop some scarring where the tattoo was and more than likely you will be able to still faintly see the tattoo, not unless you get it covered up with another tattoo. But if that is the case make sure you dont make the same mistake again and be 200% sure that the new tattoo design you are getting is something you can live with for the rest of your life. The tattoo removal business is ironically booming right now. So you should not have a hard time finding a facility to remove your unwanted tattoo. Now for the facts about laser tattoo removal. Insurance will not pay for these procedures and one session will not make your tattoo mistake go away. Often it takes up to 8 to 12 very painful sessions to complete the tattoo removal process. Now for the cost, it typically cost anywhere from $50 to $100 per square inch of course some places charge more. If you want numbing cream to help with the pain that is an extra $75 per session. Also if you tattoo is colored you will be charge more as well as colored tattoos are harder to get rid of. Lastly, you have to wait 8 to 12 weeks between sessions. So the moral of this story is, dont make the tattoo mistake in the first place. Think long and hard about your tattoo design and the location you want your tattoo and stay away from lovers names. Its best to keep the its forever in your mind. Numbing cream for piercings and tattoos How Much Does It Hurt To Get A Tattoo? Pain is part of getting a tattoo. For some people the pain is even an important part of the experience because it allows them to more fully connect with their physical existences. Regardless of your attitude about the pain of the tattooing process, you are certainly interested in how much it will hurt as you anticipate your first tattoo. The first thing for you to understand is that pain is subjective. This means that people feel pain in different ways and cope with it according to their own abilities. For example, if you are particularly worried and nervous about pain, then you are preparing your brain to interpret the pain in a strongly negative way. You may have heard of people referring to their pain tolerance. Some people say they have a high tolerance to pain and others are quite aware that they have a low tolerance for pain. Much of your tolerance for pain will derive from your mental preparation for the experience and your acceptance that getting the tattoo will hurt. Painless tattoos The Secret of Painless Tattoos Have you ever dreamed about making a tattoo? Surely, you have had a desire to decorate your body with an interesting and meaningful picture, but you hesitated. Now you have such an opportunity! Nowadays in order to apply a tattoo it is not always necessary to visit a tattoo salon, it is enough to use the possibilities of such graphic editor as Adobe Photoshop. It offers you a way to change your photo image without any pain and without breaking your moral and aesthetic principles. It allows to apply pictures, preserving the skin structure and the treatment of light and shade, thanks to its special tools. Besides, this program can help you to play a trick on your friends! You just apply a tattoo on your photo and everybody will believe, that it is realistic. Strongest topical anesthetic Laser Skin Treatment Removes Acne Scars For those with very severe acne who may not want to risk the side effects of Accutane there are acne laser treatments available. These treatments can be very expensive but can be very effective in treating the worst cases of acne. There are 2 popular types of lasers used in treating acne: Best tattoo numb Getting Your First Tattoo? Getting your first tattoo is not the same as getting your first hair cut. Both may be for vanitys sake but with a tattoo, pain accompanies it. Pain is relative. It really varies from one person to another. But there are other people who have a low pain threshold. Many who are contemplating to get a tattoo ask most about the pain. The degree of pain is often times the issue. How much does it hurt? Cream that numbs skin Laser Treatment to Zap Acne Scars Many innovations have been made in recent years towards healing acne scars and removing acne itself, including Smoothbeam laser treatment. These lasers have been very effective in not only temporarily removing acne, but most importantly eliminating acne scars, which can often remain permanently even after acne is no longer a major problem! While there are tons of methods and products available for getting rid of acne, the scars that are left are often a much tougher problem, so this kind of innovation is a welcome treat for acne sufferers. Cream that numbs the skin Painful Tattoo Places Useful Information! While getting tattooed is always somewhat painful, some places will hurt more than others. Read this to find out where the most painful tattoo places are. Getting tattooed on areas where there are lots of nerves, little fat and where the bone is close to the skin, will hurt more than other places with more padding. Here is a list of some of the most painful tattoo places: Behind the ear: Many people get tattoos behind the ear. This is a very painful place to get tattooed, because of the many nerves and little padding. People are often surprised of how painful these tattoos can be. The good thing about these tattoos, is that there is not much room there so the tattooing process wont last that long. Ankles: Many women get ankle tattoos. These are sexy and cute and nice to show off in the summer. Because of the little padding, these tattoos can hurt a lot as well. Toes: A popular place for women to get tattooed is on their toes. As with ankle tattoos, these are nice to show off in the summer, but are also one of the most painful tattoo places because of the near bones. Toe tattoos are obviously quite small though so getting the tattoo wont take that long. Ribs: This is one of the most painful places to get a tattoo, especially if youre a skinny person. Some other painful tattoo places include the lips, back of the neck, lower back and obviously the pubic area. The tolerance level of people vary greatly though, so getting tattoos on typical painful tattoo locations may not be that big of a problem. The pain factor also depends on the tattoo artist, since the distance and speed of the needle can vary. Benzocaine cream Benzocaine is a broadly used local anesthetic often used in various forms and preparations of topical pain relievers. It is widely available as topical creams, but can also be found as sprays, oral gels, capsules among other forms. Benzocaine eases pain by blocking sodium from passing electrical signals to the pain receptors which trigger the sensation of pain. It also discovers use as a fish tranquilizer, as part of anti-inflammatory drugs and even as an essential component in certain desensitizing condoms. Best numbing cream for tattoos Dr. Numb is a Numbing Anesthetic Cream Dr. Numb is a NON-OILY topical anesthetic cream(creme) that contains purest Lidocaine and Prilocaine, the highest amount allowed by Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Numb is the only water-based numbing cream on the market. Dr. Numb doesnt interfere with the ink or the skins elasticity, making it safe to reduce the GREAT PAIN of Tattooing, Body Piercing, Laser Tattoo Removal, Laser Hair Removal, Waxing, Permanent Cosmetics and other Minor Surgical Procedures. Dr. Numb is voted as the #1 numbing creams by tattoo artists and cosmetic professionals around the world. Topical anaesthetics Many alternatives to deliver anesthesia have developed over the last decades. Dispensation of topical anesthetic to manage pain associated with procedures such as laceration repair may avoid the need for infiltrative local anesthesia injections and associated pain from the injections. Topical anesthetic also keeps away from the risk of wound margin distortion that exists with infiltrative injection administration. Countless dosage forms exist (eg, gels, sprays, creams, ointments, patches) and provide the clinician with accurate options for application under a variety of circumstances. Topical anesthetics reversibly block nerve transmission near their site of administration, thereby producing temporary loss of sensation in a limited area. Nerve signal conduction is blocked by decreasing nerve cell membrane permeability to sodium ions, possibly by challenging calcium-binding sites that control sodium permeability. This change in permeability takes part in decreased depolarization and a n increased excitability threshold that, eventually, prevents the nerve action potential from forming. Dr. numb] In 1989, Dr. Brian Smith, at the New York Childrens hospital, was faced with a dilemma of children that had certain conditions such as mitrovalve disorder. With these conditions, it is prohibited to administer general anesthetics to put them to sleep before surgery. Therefore, Dr. Brian and his team made a historic discovery of the first numbing cream that is strong enough to do open surgery without pain. Over the years, the cream was perfected and took on the official name of Dr. Numb. Now, Dr. Numb is being used worldwide in different industries, such as: in professional sports, cosmetics, laser industry, waxing industry, immunization industry and tattoo industry. Dr Numb is the strongest skin numbing cream in the market today. Through the years, it has proven effective in minimizing the pain that comes with surgical procedures. It is also a favorite companion of laser treatments, tattooing, body waxing. Dr Numb numbing cream is very effective in numbing the skin for preparation in any type of procedure. Dr. Numb is proven to numb the skin for more than three hours. It is easy to apply and releases the numbing effect for at least three hours. Tattoo cream numb Before You Get a Tattoo A tattoo is forever. If you decide that you want a tattoo, know exactly what you want before you find a studio. After you have decided, you will need to find the right artist to do the work. Choose someone with a good reputation or someone whose work you have seen on your friends or other people. Remember, just because a tattoo parlor is in business doesnt mean it is maintaining safety and sterility precautions. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that gangrene, syphilis, tuberculosis and HIV are just a few diseases you could contract from contaminated instruments. To avoid these risks, ask to see a state license and accreditation from The Alliance of Professional Tattooing (or a similar organization). Look for basic equipment like germicidal soap, needle buckets, proper disposal containers, packaged gauze with the sterility intact and disposable gloves. The studio should also be equipped with an autoclave, a device that pressurizes instruments and kills viruses or bacteria. Finally, look for single-use or disposable needles (single-use are preferred). What to Look for The analgesic cream 14 is the preferred method used according to patentstorm.us. This cream includes an analgesic ingredient (with about 5-15wt% of analgesic concentrations, compared to the 10-60wt% of the standard analgesic range). The analgesic cream 14 also has an anti-inflammatory ingredient, such as aloe vera gel, which is about 50wt% of the cream, and has either a small amount or no capsaicin ingredients that would irritate the skin. Other main ingredients include the linoleic ester concentration (1-10 wt-%) and methyl salicylatem (10%), with the rest of the ingredients being at about 5 wt-%, or at the usual range for creams. Best numbing cream for waxing Reduce waxing pain? Yes you can! The first time getting waxed in an area hurts the most and does get less painful each time after. Hard to believe when your hair has just been ripped out for the first time, but its true. Dr.numb review What is Dr. Numb? Dr. Numb contains lidocaine, medications that have been used for many years as anesthetics in medical and dental offices. Dr. Numb contains these medications in a cream form and is used as a numbing cream that would numb the skin. For example, when getting a tattoo you will feel no pain . Pain is caused by the stimulation of pain receptors at the ends of nerves. The stimulation causes sodium to enter the nerve ending, which causes an electrical signal to build up in the nerve. When this electrical signal is big enough, it passes along the nerve to the brain, where the signal is interpreted as pain. Dr. Numb work by temporarily blocking this pathway of pain signals along nerves. Dr. Numb does this by stopping the sodium entering the nerve ending at the site of the pain. This prevents an electrical signal building up and passing along the nerve fibres to the brain. Numbing tattoo cream Most Painful Tattoo Locations Its commonly known that getting a tattoo hurts. Your skin is being pricked repeatedly with a needle, and youre not allowed to move. That alone is enough for some to consider getting a tattoo as tantamount to torture. For others with a considerably high-level of pain tolerance, the deed may just be a simple discomfort. Though the level of pain depends on the individual pain threshold, there are specific areas of the body where getting a tattoo proves to be incredibly more painful than other body parts. The rule of thumb is that areas where there is a dense concentration of nerves, or there is no layer of fat between the skin and bone, are the most painful locations for tattoos. Numbing creams for waxing Bikini Wax Tips Contrary to what the name suggests, a Full Bikini Wax is actually not a complete removal of hair down there. Instead, it involves removing all the hair around pubic area, except those directly in the Mound of Venus, also known as the mons pubis. Why leave hair in? For most folks, its because that part of the skin is considerably more sensitive than the rest of the pubic area. Waxing it can mean too much pain, particularly for some people who are more sensitive to the sensation. If youre not familiar with the pubic mound, its that part of your crotch area the consists largely of fatty tissues, right above the pubic bone. It forms the front of the actual vulva. Yep, its that area that shows up bulging during camel toe shots. In case you opt for this a Full Bikini Wax due to extra sensitivity of your pubic mound, do note that you can still trim the hair in that area. Most women I know who are afraid to get waxed there, choose to either shave or cut down the hair there instead. After all, its the hair there that usually catches female excretions, so a close trim helps makes sure that it stays clean. Waxing numbing cream Waxing has been around for a long time and is still one of the best methods for removing unwanted hair from many areas of the body. Here are some techniques that can minimize the pain associated with waxing. Difficulty: Easy Instructions Step 1 Take a anti-inflammatory pill two hours before you plan to wax to minimize the pain. Or drink coffee or a caffeinated drink before you plan to wax for the same effect. If neither of those appeal to you, and youre of legal age, take a shot of your favorite liquor! Step 2 Numb the area before waxing by applying an Dr.Numb Step 3 Pull the skin tight where the hair is growing. For example, if you are waxing your eyebrows, pull the skin on the brow bone towards the ear to tighten the skin, allowing the wax strip to adhere to the skin. Step 4 Pull the strip off quickly in the opposite direction the hair grows. Step 5 Apply a cold, damp towel immediately to the skin after you pull the strip off anesthetic for tattoos If you have a tattoo that you do not like, then perhaps you should consider removing it. There are many options available to you, so make sure you investigate them thoroughly. Many people have one that they love and cherish however there are others that want to get rid of their tattoo. Perhaps it was not done correctly, or it no longer has the same meaning as it had before. Perhaps it reminds the individual of a time that they choose to forget, such as affiliation with an organization or with a gang. Regardless of the reasoning, there are several ways you can remove a tattoo that are safe Many people choose to get laser removal to get rid of the particular unwanted item. The technician will use a laser to burn the ink, turning it into tiny fragments which are cleared away through your body. If you go several times, the laser can really penetrate and remove deep layers or ink. However, this can really damage your skin and can cause scabs and even scars. Many people believe that laser removal is very painful and very expensive. Depending on where you live, session costs can range from three hundred to one thousand dollars and you may need several sessions to get the results that you actually want. What to take before tattoo i guess i already found the best ever numbing cream for my tattooing sessions i really thanks DrNumbs numbing cream,, actually ive just tried it once before,, but when i proven its really effective and very safe, now Im not worried about the pain in my tattoo sessions, i got already the confident every time Im going at the tattoo shop,, other things why i really trust DrNumbs numbing cream,, because its contains 5% lidocaine the highest amount allowed by food and drug administration.. DrNumb voted as a #1 numbing cream by the tattoo artist around the world..And also it is the only one water-based numbing cream on the market!!it is also medically tested and resonably priced.. Got to know more about this product you may visit their website at http://www.drnumb.com/ . What to use to numb skin If you are attempting to wax your body at home and have extremely sensitive skin, there are several ways that you can numb your skin without a doctors care. Although over-the-counter numbing creams, sprays and gels only last temporarily, they can help you avoid the pain that may be associated with cosmetic procedures such as eyebrow tweezing or hair waxing. All numbing creams, sprays and gels are not right for everyone, and if you have extremely sensitive skin, test the solution on the inside of your arm before using on your face or any other sensitive areas of the body. Purchase Numbingcream at www.drnumb.com. Numbingcream is useful for numbing any skin area.